ACTIVITY PROFILE BETWEEN WINNERS AND LOSERS SILAT OLAHRAGA IN WOMEN CLASS C SINGAPORE 28th SEA GAMES 2015
Title: Activity Profile Between Winners and
Losers in Female C class athlete in 28th
Sea Games 2015.
Abstract
Introduction.This review is to decide the activity
and indicators that used between a winner and loser, Indonesia vs. Singapore
female Class C (60 kg). Indonesia won the game. Material and methods. There are many indicators that can be found
in Silat Oahraga but in this review, the statistic of this game was consist of
punch, kick, topple and sweep. The outcome will be classified into three which
were hit target, hit elsewhere, and miss opponent (Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue,
& Tong, 2013).
Results.The result of the statistical analyses
of independent T-test was performed and showed there is significantly
difference between winning and loser in their profile component. Conclusion. This finding suggested
that, there was a difference in sweep and kick between winner and loser, it can
be said that this can be one of the indicators to win or lose the game. Also
suggested that the opponent’s defending skills also affecting the points gained
or lose.
Introduction
According
to Kartomi (2011), Silat Olahraga is the art of self defence and is a
contemporary umbrella term used in Indonesia and Malaysia and other parts of
Southeast Asia to designate the hundreds of traditional and modern martial art
genres that are performed either solo or as a duel, and with or without musical
accompaniment.
Previous
research has notated the component technique that been used in defensive and
offensive movement such as in mixed martial arts. But there is no specific
research that described the activity involved in silat olahraga that
specifically describes the activity that contributes to the physiological
demands of this combat sport. Pesilat can perform their technique of blocking
by using hand while topple can use hand or leg to take down the opponent. For
kicking there have side kick and straight kick and to get the point or score
must kick at the pad which is located from chest to centre. However, the point
for topple will be collected according to the opponent falling down to the
ground. The notational analyses are used to record the all techniques in silat
olahraga but for the exponent just focus on the block, kick, punch, topple hit
target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent. As an athlete who competed in the
competition, situation is influenced by various factors such as physical,
technical, tactical, and psychological (Latifah, Rusdiana, Ugelta, Budiman,
& Karmini, 2017).
Materials and method
Match Analysis
The
data has been collected based on 28th Sea Games Singapore 2015 Pencak Silat
Tanding women 60kg class C final category between Vietnam and Indonesia,
semifinal between Philipines and Indonesia, lastly a match quarterfinal between
Indonesian and Singapore. The video was collected by using the YouTube Channel.
The winning and losing participant will be classified and notate the motion
that used for both opponent. The game-related statistics were collected. Data
collected was punch, kick, topple, sweep, hit target, hit elsewhere and miss
target. The video has been notated by Nur Fazlyana bt Mohd Mukhtar.
Motion Categories
There are
different types of motion in silat such as:
Punch:
‘Tumbuk’
attack is done by a hand with closed fist hitting the target. In silat,
punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch
‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to oxponent body’s (Anuar, 1992)
Kick:
The kick
‘tendang’ or ‘terajang’ is an attacking movement which is performed with one
leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be
front kick ‘tendang depan’, side kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick
‘tendang lengkar’ (Anuar, 1992).
Block:
Blocking
movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’ which the exponent
stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking
or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows, and legs with the
purpose to block off a striking back at any attack (Anuar, 1992).
Catch:
The catch
‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying
out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from being
attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction. A
catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which
could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also
forbidden. These regulations exit to protect the silat exponent’s (Anuar, 1992).
Topple:
There are
various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent
‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his
balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the silat exponent topples
his opponent down without wrestling or he is able to overpower the opponent
whom he has brought down.
Sweep:
The blocking
movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’ the exponent stands
straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking or
parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose
to block off or striking back at any attack.
Dodge:
The evade
‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an
attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch the
opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his
defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the
side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’ and ducking ‘susup’.
Self-Release:
Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a
technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent.
Block and Punch:
The blocking technique is used to block any
hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the
hand to punch the opponent.
Block and Kick:
The blocking technique is used to block any
hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the
leg to kick the opponent.
Block and Sweep:
The blocking technique is used to block any
hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using
sweeping technique to the opponent.
Fake Punch:
An action which silat exponent intend to
confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive
posture.
Fake Kick:
An action which silat exponent intend to
confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture.
Statiscal Analysis
All the raw
data collected from all matches used the system produced by Shapie at all by
2013. Statiscal analysis was conducted using SPSS. A descriptive analysis was
used to determine the different of performance between winners and losers in
silat matches.
Results
Table 1. Indonesia vs. Singapore female Class C
(Indonesian won)
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||||||
Winner
|
Loser
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
HT
|
HE
|
MO
|
NA
|
HT
|
HE
|
MO
|
NA
|
|
Block
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Block and Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
5
|
17
|
|
|
4
|
22
|
|
1
|
49
|
Fake Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Punch
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
3
|
|
|
7
|
Fake Punch
|
1
|
|
|
5
|
2
|
|
|
1
|
9
|
Self-release
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Topple
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Sweep
|
1
|
7
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
Catch
|
2
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
7
|
Dodge
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
10
|
24
|
1
|
6
|
15
|
25
|
|
2
|
83
|
*HT=Hit Target
HE=Hit Elsewhere MO=Miss Opponent NA=Not Available
Table 1.1
Frequency profile of 2 opponents
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Winner
|
|
22
|
1
|
9
|
32
|
Loser
|
|
27
|
|
|
27
|
Total
|
|
49
|
1
|
9
|
59
|
Table 1.2 Mean
for each team
Winner
|
(22
+ 1 + 9) / 4 = 8
|
Loser
|
27/4
=6.75
|
Table
2.Vietnam vs Singapore female Class C (Vietnam won)
Action
|
Outcome
|
|||||||||
HE
|
HT
|
MO
|
NA
|
Total
|
||||||
|
VIE
|
SIN
|
VIE
|
SIN
|
VIE
|
SIN
|
VIE
|
SIN
|
VIE
|
SIN
|
Block
|
4
|
5
|
1
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
5
|
2
|
Block and Kick
|
|
5
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
Block and Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
2
|
5
|
13
|
14
|
2
|
6
|
|
|
18
|
25
|
Fake Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
96
|
1
|
96
|
1
|
Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fake Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Self-Release
|
|
|
1
|
2
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
4
|
Topple
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
|
4
|
3
|
|
|
8
|
4
|
Sweep
|
|
2
|
|
1
|
7
|
2
|
|
|
7
|
5
|
Catch
|
3
|
1
|
5
|
2
|
2
|
22
|
|
|
9
|
25
|
Dogde
|
3
|
3
|
5
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
|
|
9
|
7
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29
|
29
|
29
|
29
|
Total
|
13
|
22
|
28
|
24
|
16
|
38
|
115
|
30
|
181
|
Table 2.1
Frequency profile of 2 opponents
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Winner
|
|
17
|
8
|
7
|
32
|
Loser
|
|
25
|
4
|
5
|
34
|
Total
|
|
42
|
12
|
12
|
66
|
Table 2.2 Mean for each team
Winner
|
(17+8+7)/4
=8
|
Loser
|
(25+4+5)/4
= 8.5
|
Table 3.
Indonesia vs. Philippine female Class C (Indonesia won)
Action
|
Outcome
|
|||||||||
HE
|
HT
|
MO
|
NA
|
Total
|
||||||
|
INA
|
PHI
|
INA
|
PHI
|
INA
|
PHI
|
INA
|
PHI
|
INA
|
PHI
|
Block
|
|
|
5
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
2
|
Block and Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block and Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
21
|
27
|
13
|
8
|
|
|
5
|
5
|
39
|
40
|
Fake Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
Punch
|
|
1
|
3
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
7
|
Fake Punch
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
Self-Release
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
Topple
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Sweep
|
2
|
|
1
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
Catch
|
2
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
Dogde
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
25
|
29
|
23
|
19
|
2
|
|
5
|
12
|
115
|
Table 3.1 Frequency
profile of 2 opponents
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Sweep
|
Topple
|
Total
|
Winner
|
3
|
39
|
5
|
2
|
49
|
Loser
|
7
|
40
|
|
|
47
|
TOTAL
|
10
|
79
|
5
|
2
|
96
|
Table 3.2 Mean
for each team
Winner
|
(3
+ 39 + 5 + 2) / 4
|
12.25
|
Loser
|
(7
+ 40 ) / 7
|
11.75
|
Discussion
Silat
Olahraga is a popular Asian martial art same like muay thai and boxing. This
game is combining a traditional and modern method and also to prove ability
that was a mix of hand to hand fighting aptitudes, battling, and
self-protection. The examination past is states that silat competitors tought
to be extraordinary in both kicking and punching yet punching recurrence is
lower than a kicking (Shapie et al., 2013). But, silat competitors should
create punching ability speedier and precise in light of the fact that punching
is the high rate effective of hitting target contrast with kicking expertise in
rivalry (M. M. Shapie et al., 2013). From match between Indonesia and
Singapore, can see that punch is rarely been used by both competitors for every
round. Both exponents are really careful in doing any technique but Indonesia has
ability in doing a kicking and got point from that. Also Indonesia got her
points from 9 sweeps and 1 topple and Singapore has doing any of the motions. Competitor must wise to make strategy plan and
technique during match (Wahab, 1989).
For
the second match result which is Vietnam and Indonesia which Vietnam is winning
this match, what can observed from the video is Vietnam do more attacking than
Thailand especially on topple and sweep. This observation was for the winner
while for the loser is Indonesia is make less attacking during match especially
on punch, topple and sweep. Indonesia gives more opportunity to Vietnam to make
more attacking during match. From the
observation, Vietnam did 8 sweep and 7 topple during total round in the match
and lead the game. Indonesia doing less sweep and topple also no punch at all
from both of the exponents. During the low intensity activity both of the silat
exponents were deemed to be performing low activity actions such as “sikap
pasang” posture or coming close to each other using silat step pattern “pola
langkah”. Silat competitors must improve their fitness level to improve the
performance (Fong & Ng, 2011).
In
the third match observation between Indonesia and Philipines which Indonesia
won the game, can see that she doing less punch but perform well in kick, sweep
and topple. Especially in kicking she did like almost 39 kick and for sweep and
topple both were 5 and 2. While Philipines really perform in punch and kicking
which 7 punch and 40 kicking but has not doing any motion on sweeping and
topple. Philipines is less in doing attacking giving Indonesia advantages to
win the match.
Conclusion
Based on the researcher, punch hit
target, kick hit target, sweep and topple skill was mostly used for winning
team (Anuar, 1993). The current review has give a good understanding of the
information for the Silat Olahraga by looking at the activity involved in
competition. Both of the exponents performed more high intensity actions than
low intensity actions.
Based
on the observation, the winning team used a lot of technique or skill that
involve the higher point such as topple down and sweep. Both competitors for
every matches also less using a punch. They did more on kicking, sweep and
topple. The competitor should improve their skill especially on punch. Besides,
all the three video matches that observed and what can be seen was the weakness
are the competitor had lack of speed and power on kicking, punching, topple
down and sweep. From all the video notated, Indonesia competitor has really
gave good fight to all her opponents until she lose in final with Vietnam. Also
from there can see which motion can lead to success in game.
Silat olahraga
is the native martial art and very famous Malay sport in Malaysia (M. M. Shapie
et al., 2013) . This sport expose very well in Malaysia and many citizens want
to involve this sport. All the competitor should improve and develop more
fitness level especially in speed and power if want to be more expert athlete
in silat olahraga.
Reference
A. Anuar. (1993). Silat olahraga (2nd edn.). The art,
technique and regulations: Dewan Bahasa
dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
A. A. Wahab. (1989). Silat olahraga: The art,
techniques and regulations: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian
Pendidikan Malaysia.
D. Farrer. (2009). Seni silat haqq melayu: A sufi martial
art Shadows of the prophet (pp. 3-42): Springer.
Kavoura A., Ryba T.V., Kokkonen M. (2012), Psychological
Research on
Martial Artists, “Scandinavian Sport StudiesForum”, vol. 3, pp. 1-23.
Martial Artists, “Scandinavian Sport StudiesForum”, vol. 3, pp. 1-23.
Latiff, Z. A. (2012). Revisiting Pencak Silat: The Malay
Martial Arts in Theatre Practice and Actor Training. Asian Theatre Journal
29(2), 379-401. University of Hawai'i Press. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from
Project MUSE database.
M. M. Shapie, J. Oliver, P. O’Donoghue, & R. Tong.
(2013). Activity profile during action time in national silat competition. Journal
of Combat Sports and Martial Arts., 1(2), 81-86.
N. Shapie, J. Oliver, P. O'Donoghue, & R. Tong.
(2013). Activity profile during action time in national silat
competition. Journal of Combat Sport and Martial Arts, 4(1), 81-85.
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Williams N,
O’Donoghue PG. Techniques used in mixed-martial arts competition. In:
Dancs H, Hughes M, O’Donoghue PG, editors. (2006) Performance Analysis
of Sport 7. 23rd- 26th August 2006, Szombathely, Hungary. Cardiff: CPA
UWIC Press; 2006, 369-375.
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underlying the practice of martial arts and combat sports, “Ido Movement for
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Kavoura A., Ryba T.V., Kokkonen M. (2012), Psychological Research on
Martial Artists, “Scandinavian Sport StudiesForum”, vol. 3, pp. 1-23.
(Source: Pencak Silat Tanding Class C Final Vietnam vs. Indonesianon Day 9 of 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbTydViG6pU)
Dancs H, Hughes M, O’Donoghue PG, editors. (2006) Performance Analysis
of Sport 7. 23rd- 26th August 2006, Szombathely, Hungary. Cardiff: CPA
UWIC Press; 2006, 369-375.
Witkowski K., Cynarski W.J., Blazejewski W. (2013), Motivations and determinants
underlying the practice of martial arts and combat sports, “Ido Movement for
Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 17-26.
Kavoura A., Ryba T.V., Kokkonen M. (2012), Psychological Research on
Martial Artists, “Scandinavian Sport StudiesForum”, vol. 3, pp. 1-23.
(Source: Pencak Silat Tanding Class C Final Vietnam vs. Indonesianon Day 9 of 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbTydViG6pU)
(Source: Pencak
Silat Tanding Class Semi-Final Indonesia vs. Philipines on Day 8 of 28th SEA
Games Singapore 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7d9BCCj-DIE)
(Source: Pencak Silat Tanding Class C Quaterfinal Indonesia
vs Singapore on Day 6 of 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWJhMdXN1Ms)
Appendices
1) Group Statistic between
Indonesia and Singapore (Indonesian won)
|
Statistics
|
|||
|
WinnerC
|
LoserC
|
|
N
|
Valid
|
32
|
27
|
Missing
|
0
|
5
|
|
Mean
|
2.59
|
2.00
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.161
|
.000
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.911
|
.000
|
|
Variance
|
.830
|
.000
|
|
Range
|
2
|
0
|
WinnerC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
Percent
|
Cumulative
Percent
|
|
Valid
|
kick
|
22
|
68.8
|
68.8
|
68.8
|
topple
|
1
|
3.1
|
3.1
|
71.9
|
|
sweep
|
9
|
28.1
|
28.1
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
32
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
|
LoserC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
Percent
|
Cumulative
Percent
|
|
Valid
|
kick
|
27
|
84.4
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
Missing
|
System
|
5
|
15.6
|
|
|
Total
|
32
|
100.0
|
|
|
2) Group statistic between
Vietnam and Indonesia (Vietnam won)
Statistics
|
|||
|
WinnerC
|
LoserC
|
|
N
|
Valid
|
32
|
34
|
Missing
|
2
|
0
|
|
Mean
|
2.69
|
2.41
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.145
|
.127
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.821
|
.743
|
|
Variance
|
.673
|
.553
|
|
Range
|
2
|
2
|
WinnerC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
Percent
|
Cumulative
Percent
|
|
Valid
|
kick
|
17
|
50.0
|
53.1
|
53.1
|
topple
|
8
|
23.5
|
25.0
|
78.1
|
|
sweep
|
7
|
20.6
|
21.9
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
32
|
94.1
|
100.0
|
|
|
Missing
|
System
|
2
|
5.9
|
|
|
Total
|
34
|
100.0
|
|
|
LoserC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
Percent
|
Cumulative
Percent
|
|
Valid
|
kick
|
25
|
73.5
|
73.5
|
73.5
|
topple
|
4
|
11.8
|
11.8
|
85.3
|
|
sweep
|
5
|
14.7
|
14.7
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
34
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
|
3) Group statistic between
Indonesia and Philipines (Indonesia won)
Statistics
|
|||
|
WinnerC
|
LoserC
|
|
N
|
Valid
|
49
|
47
|
Missing
|
0
|
2
|
|
Mean
|
2.12
|
1.85
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.081
|
.052
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.564
|
.360
|
|
Variance
|
.318
|
.130
|
|
Range
|
3
|
1
|
WinnerC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
Percent
|
Cumulative
Percent
|
|
Valid
|
punch
|
3
|
6.1
|
6.1
|
6.1
|
kick
|
39
|
79.6
|
79.6
|
85.7
|
|
topple
|
5
|
10.2
|
10.2
|
95.9
|
|
sweep
|
2
|
4.1
|
4.1
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
49
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
|
LoserC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid
Percent
|
Cumulative
Percent
|
|
Valid
|
punch
|
7
|
14.3
|
14.9
|
14.9
|
kick
|
40
|
81.6
|
85.1
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
47
|
95.9
|
100.0
|
|
|
Missing
|
System
|
2
|
4.1
|
|
|
Total
|
49
|
100.0
|
|
|
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